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Search Results (402019 CVEs found)

CVE Vendors Products Updated CVSS v3.1
CVE-2026-98242 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dma-buf: Fix silent overflow for phys vec to sgt In case MMIO size is bigger than 4G and peer2peer DMA goes through host bridge, we trigger a code path that assigns the total linked IOVA (which is greater than 4G) to mapped_len. Previously, `mapped_len` was declared as 32-bit `unsigned int`. When accumulating `size_t` lengths, this leads to a silent wrap-around. This truncation causes truncated lengths to be passed to functions like `fill_sg_entry()`. Fix this by changing `mapped_len` to `size_t` (64-bit). While at it, fix similar potential overflow issues in `calc_sg_nents` by using `check_add_overflow()` for `nents` and using `unsigned int` for the loop iterator in `fill_sg_entry` to match.
CVE-2026-98241 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv6: xfrm: use full sockets in local error paths xfrm6_local_rxpmtu() and xfrm6_local_error() dereference skb->sk as if it always pointed at a full IPv6 socket. That is not guaranteed. TCP SYN-ACK skbs can be owned by a TCP_NEW_SYN_RECV request_sock while the output path itself is driven by the full listener. If rerouting selects an IPv6 XFRM tunnel route with a lower MTU, the local PMTU/error handling path can reach these callbacks with that mini-socket still attached to the skb. The callbacks then miscast the request socket as a full inet/IPv6 socket and can read beyond the request_sock allocation when they access inet_sock or ipv6_pinfo state. Resolve the owner with skb_to_full_sk() in both callbacks and bail out when no full socket is attached. This matches the surrounding XFRM IPv6 PMTU/error logic, which already reasons about full sockets with skb_to_full_sk().
CVE-2026-98240 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ip_tunnel: initialize `options_len` before referencing options The following command triggers a kernel panic: ip link add d0 type dummy; ip link set d0 up ip route add 10.30.0.0/16 \ encap ip id 300 geneve_opts 4660:66:11223344 dev d0 memcpy: detected buffer overflow: 4 byte write of buffer size 0 kernel BUG at lib/string_helpers.c:1044! ... ip_tun_parse_opts.part.0.cold+0x10/0x10 ip_tun_build_state+0x116/0x2a0 On kernels built with GCC 15+ and `CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE`, the fortified `memcpy()` got 0 sized destination with request of 4 bytes length: static int ip_tun_parse_opts_geneve(...) { ... attr = tb[LWTUNNEL_IP_OPT_GENEVE_DATA]; data_len = nla_len(attr); /* == 4 */ struct geneve_opt *opt = ip_tunnel_info_opts(info) + opts_len; memcpy(opt->opt_data, nla_data(attr), data_len); /* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 0 since options_len is assigned afterwards */ Fixed by initializing the counter before the options are referenced. Matching what `tunnel_key_opts_set()` already does.
CVE-2026-98239 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: lan743x: fix RX checksum use-after-free lan743x_rx_process_buffer() adds each non-first receive buffer to the head skb's frag_list. On the last descriptor, lan743x_rx_trim_skb() linearizes the head and frees the fragment skb metadata. The checksum-success path then writes ip_summed through the local skb pointer, which still points to the final fragment. This causes a use-after-free write when a packet spans more than one receive buffer. Set ip_summed on the surviving head skb instead. Multi-buffer receive can occur after a live MTU increase because existing ring entries keep their old buffer size until they are replenished. A KUnit test invoking lan743x_rx_process_buffer() with a two-buffer packet produced a one-byte KASAN use-after-free write before this change. The same test passed after the change. The driver object also builds with W=1. This was not tested on physical LAN743x hardware.
CVE-2026-98238 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: wwan: t7xx: validate the netif index in t7xx_ccmni_recv_skb() The netif index carried in the DPMAIF PIT header is five bits wide, but ccmni_inst[] only has room for NIC_DEV_MAX (21) entries. t7xx_ccmni_recv_skb() indexes the array without a bounds check, so indexes 21 to 31 read past it. The out-of-bounds value lands in the callback table that follows the array, which is never NULL, so the existing !ccmni check does not catch it and the driver dereferences whatever sits there as a struct t7xx_ccmni. Drop the skb when the index is out of range. Verified in a QEMU guest with a fault injector setting the netif index to 25: the unpatched driver reads a value past ccmni_inst[], which lands in the callback table, and dereferences it far enough to queue the skb. With this check the packet is dropped. Well-formed traffic on index 0 is unaffected. Changes in v2: none.
CVE-2026-98236 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: wwan: mhi_wwan_mbim: check skb_copy_bits() return value mhi_mbim_rx() ignores the return value of skb_copy_bits() when it copies each datagram out of the NTB. The datagram offset and length come from the DPE, which is only checked to lie within the NTB itself, so a modem can point a datagram outside the received skb. The copy then fails and the freshly allocated skbn is passed to netif_rx() with its uninitialized contents still in place, leaking kernel heap memory into the network stack. Free the skb and account an error when the copy fails. Verified in a QEMU guest with a fault injector pointing a DPE outside the received NTB: the copy fails, and the unpatched driver hands the uninitialized skbn to the network stack (observed as "unknown protocol" on bytes that were never written). With this check the failed datagram is dropped and counted as an rx error. Changes in v2: factor the free-and-count sequence out into mhi_mbim_rx_drop(), shared with the unknown-protocol path, as suggested by Loic Poulain.
CVE-2026-98232 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: core: Validate MODE SENSE lengths in scsi_cdl_enable() scsi_cdl_enable() uses length fields returned by MODE SENSE to locate the ATA feature mode page in a 64-byte stack buffer. A target can report a total length shorter than its mode header and block descriptors. The unsigned subtraction used for the MODE SELECT length can wrap, and the separately computed buf_data can point beyond buf. During automatic scan, enable is false, so the read-modify-write of buf_data[4] can clear the low two bits of a target-selected out-of-bounds stack byte. scsi_mode_select() can then copy up to 64 bytes from outside the buffer into the outgoing MODE SELECT payload, disclosing stack contents to the target. This is reachable while scanning a USB storage device that identifies as an ATA device and advertises CDL support. No filesystem mount or userspace access to the block device is required. On upstream commit cee9395acd80 ("Linux 7.3-rc1"), a build-specific, one-vCPU QEMU/Raw Gadget proof using QEMU-only multi-UDC allocator sampling executed a fixed proof command inside the guest and created a UID-0-owned marker during automatic enumeration, with KASLR and NX enabled. The issue was independently found during security research at Drivesec S.r.l. Cap the available length to the buffer size. Validate and consume the mode header and block descriptor lengths before using the page, and require the five bytes needed to access the CDL field.
CVE-2026-98229 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: save input state data before secpath resets xfrm_input() stores the current xfrm_state in the skb secpath while it continues receive-side processing. Some input paths can reset that secpath before xfrm_input() has finished dereferencing the state. Receive callback users such as VTI and XFRM interfaces can reset the secpath. The VTI receive path does so before checking whether the packet crosses network namespaces, while the XFRM interface path does so only for cross-network-namespace packets. The XFRM_MAX_DEPTH error path can also reset the secpath before the final drop callback reports the current state's protocol. If secpath_reset() drops the last state reference while the state is concurrently deleted, xfrm_input() can still dereference the freed state when selecting transport_finish() or reporting the drop callback protocol. Save the state protocol on the stack while the state is still valid, and use the already saved address family for transport_finish(). A larval XFRM_STATE_ACQ state has no type, so retain nexthdr as its protocol. This preserves the existing drop-path fallback while avoiding the post-reset state dereferences without adding an extra state reference to every received packet.
CVE-2026-98228 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mips: select CONFIG_WEAK_REORDERING_BEYOND_LLSC from CONFIG_EYEQ On I6500 CPU cores, lld and scd give no ordering guarantees (same as all other instructions). To respect the assumption that arch_cmpxchg() is fully ordered, we must inject sync instructions above and below our lld/scd loops using the already in place WEAK_REORDERING_BEYOND_LLSC infrastructure. Otherwise, bad things can happen: [ 34.054496] CPU 3 Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 0000000000000000, epc == a80000080838e01c, ra == a80000080838dfc4 [ 34.054559] Oops[#1]: [ 34.069561] CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 170 Comm: pipe_race Not tainted 7.2.0-rc6-01553-gb73c35220968-dirty #103 VOLUNTARY [ 34.079932] Hardware name: Mobile EyeQ5 MP5 Evaluation board [ 34.085592] $ 0 : 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 [ 34.093616] $ 4 : a800000808ee2618 000000000b7a879d 0000000000001000 0000000000000000 [ 34.101638] $ 8 : 0000000000e3f2c9 0000000000000000 a800000808a2a9f8 0000000000000000 [ 34.109660] $12 : a8000008139ffcd8 ffffffff84080018 a80000080837fae0 7878787878787878 [ 34.117682] $16 : a800000807e82940 0000000000001000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 [ 34.125704] $20 : a800000802920e00 a8000008139ffdf8 a800000802649400 0000000000e3f2c9 [ 34.133726] $24 : 0000000000000006 00000001200406e0 [ 34.141783] $28 : a8000008139fc000 a8000008139ffd10 0000000000e3f2c8 a80000080838dfc4 [ 34.149837] epc : a80000080838e01c anon_pipe_read+0xd4/0x428 [ 34.155697] ra : a80000080838dfc4 anon_pipe_read+0x7c/0x428 [ 34.161549] Status: 140000e3 KX SX UX KERNEL EXL IE [ 34.166551] Cause : 40800408 (ExcCode 02) [ 34.170574] BadVA : 0000000000000000 [ 34.174161] PrId : 0001b028 (MIPS I6500) [ 34.178183] Process pipe_race (pid: 170, threadinfo=000000005ca35720, task=00000000e1013890, tls=000000014ebbb780) [ 34.188568] Stack : a800000802649400 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 a8000008139ffdd0 [ 34.196623] 0000000000000fba a800000808ee0000 0000000000000001 a8000008130c3e80 [ 34.204676] a8000008080d1280 a8000008139ffd58 a8000008139ffd58 1dbd2b22ea1dd500 [ 34.212729] a800000802649400 a800000808ee0000 ffffffffffffffea 0000000000000001 [ 34.220783] 0000000000001000 0000000000000000 00000001200ae518 ffffffffffffffff [ 34.228836] 000000fffbe0e530 a80000080837edf4 000000fffbe0e530 0000000000000000 [ 34.236890] 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 000000014ebb55a0 0000000000001000 [ 34.244943] 0000000000000001 a800000802649400 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 [ 34.252996] 0000000000000000 0000400400000000 0000000000000000 1dbd2b22ea1dd500 [ 34.261049] 00000000140000e3 a800000802649400 a800000802649400 a800000808ee0000 [ 34.269103] ... [ 34.271568] Call Trace: [ 34.274026] [<a80000080838e01c>] anon_pipe_read+0xd4/0x428 [ 34.279533] [<a80000080837edf4>] vfs_read+0x25c/0x318 [ 34.284607] [<a80000080837faac>] ksys_read+0x104/0x138 [ 34.289763] [<a80000080802b9cc>] syscall_common+0x44/0x68 [ 34.295187] [ 34.296689] Code: f84000cf 02209825 de020010 <dc420000> d8400004 02002825 0040f809 02802025 f84000c3 [ 34.306504] [ 34.308099] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- My initial reproducer was the xdp-tools test suite. A standalone reproducer would be an lld/scd loop that, when the read is reordered by the CPU, triggers a fault. We can achieve this from userspace by stressing an anonymous pipe, which uses a mutex. Program used: // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 // pipe_race.c - reproducer for MIPS LL/SC reordering vs fs/pipe.c // // Two userspace processes on an anonymous pipe: // parent = writer: tight write() loop // child = reader: tight read() loop #define _GNU_SOURCE #include <assert.h> #include <errno.h> #include <sched.h> #include <signal.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include ---truncated---
CVE-2026-98226 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm, swap: fix SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT collision with real usage count SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT is embedded in the si->inuse_pages usage counter, and is meant to sit above any value that counter can reach. However, it is defined from BITS_PER_TYPE(atomic_t), so it is bit 30. On a system with 4 KiB pages the flag collides with the usage count once that count reaches 4 TiB. swap_usage_in_pages() masks bit 30 out, so whenever the real count has that bit set, every caller of it reads 4 TiB low: * /proc/swaps understates Used by 4 TiB. * A raw count of exactly 2^30 masks to zero, so try_to_unuse() takes its "if (!swap_usage_in_pages(si)) goto success;" early exit and swapoff tears the device down while pages are still swapped out. Nothing in the rest of swapoff aborts the teardown, so those pages are lost. Independently of swapoff, the collision also corrupts the counter and the plist. On a device in normal use, a free that leaves bit 30 set in the count makes swap_usage_sub() see the flag where there is only count, and call add_to_avail_list(). It clears the bit with fetch_and(~SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT), leaving the stored count 4 TiB below the real one, and calls plist_add() on a device that is already listed, tripping the WARN_ON(!plist_node_empty(node)) in plist_add() and linking the node a second time. Change the definition of SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT to be based on atomic_long_t instead. Note that the usage counter field itself is of this same type, so it is still a valid bit.
CVE-2026-98225 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/shrinker: fix bogus set_shrinker_bit() with cgroup.memory=nokmem With cgroup.memory=nokmem, shrinker_memcg_alloc() bails out early and never allocates an id, so shrinker->id keeps the 0 it got from the kzalloc() in shrinker_alloc(). __list_lru_init() then copies that 0 into lru->shrinker_id, where it looks like a valid bit index. Nothing calls expand_shrinker_info() on nokmem either, so shrinker_nr_max stays 0 and every memcg ends up with an empty map (map_nr_max == 0). deferred_split_folio() hands a real memcg to __list_lru_add() regardless of whether the lru is memcg aware, so the first THP queued in a cgroup does set_shrinker_bit(memcg, nid, 0) and trips the bounds check: WARNING: mm/shrinker.c:212 at set_shrinker_bit+0x7d/0x90, CPU#126 Call Trace: <TASK> deferred_split_folio+0x18c/0x220 map_anon_folio_pmd_nopf+0xdd/0x130 map_anon_folio_pmd_pf+0x14/0xb0 do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page+0x1a1/0x620 __handle_mm_fault+0xea9/0x10d0 handle_mm_fault+0xe5/0x320 do_user_addr_fault+0x1cc/0x870 exc_page_fault+0x81/0x1b0 asm_exc_page_fault+0x27/0x30 </TASK> Harmless, the WARN_ON_ONCE() is what keeps the out of bounds unit[] read from happening, but the id should not look valid in the first place. Clear it before returning. Two other spots could paper over this: drop the id in __list_lru_init() when nokmem turns memcg_aware off, or make deferred_split_folio() pass NULL like list_lru_add_obj() does. Both leave shrinker->id lying around for the next caller, so fix it where the id is handed out.
CVE-2026-98224 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/vma: correctly unaccount on mmap_prepare() failure __mmap_setup() accounts memory for relevant mappings via: security_vm_enough_memory_mm() -> __vm_enough_memory() -> vm_acct_memory() If __mmap_setup() fails, this indicates that this accounting did not take place, and thus it's appropriate for __mmap_region() to jump to abort_munmap. However if call_mmap_prepare() fails, it also jumps there and any accounted memory is not correctly unaccounted. Fix this by handling each error separately.
CVE-2026-98222 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KEYS: encrypted: fix integer overflow of datablob_len encrypted_key_alloc() stores datablob_len in a u16. It is computed from multiple string and payload lengths. If the result exceeds U16_MAX, the assignment truncates the allocation size. KASAN reports a 32760-byte slab-out-of-bounds write when __ekey_init() copies the master key description into the undersized buffer. The total payload length stored in key->datalen is also a u16. Use check_add_overflow() to reject values that do not fit either destination, and use kzalloc_flex() for the flexible-array allocation.
CVE-2026-48197 2026-10-06 7.2 High
Incorrect Privilege Assignment vulnerability in PublishPress PublishPress Capabilities capability-manager-enhanced allows Privilege Escalation.This issue affects PublishPress Capabilities: from n/a through 2.45.0.
CVE-2026-98221 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KEYS: trusted: Fix tpm2_load_cmd() boundary check tpm2_load_cmd() does boundary checks against the ASN.1 size i.e., payload->blob_len. Address this by passing the decoded blob size to tpm2_load_cmd(), and use it for the boundary checks.
CVE-2026-98219 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sched_ext: Close the pre-enable ops error claim window scx_alloc_and_add_sched() publishes ops->priv before scx_root_enable_workfn() switches the state to SCX_ENABLING. An error claimed via scx_bpf_error_bstr() from an associated BPF program in that window is consumed by scx_disable_workfn(), which takes the pre-enable shortcut in scx_root_disable(). The shortcut returns without any teardown and restores SCX_DISABLED with an unconditional scx_set_enable_state() xchg racing the enable workfn's own transition. The enable then completes with the claim consumed: the scheduler stays up but can never be disabled again, and bpf_scx_unreg() frees it while still in use, resulting in a use-after-free. Both WARN_ON_ONCE()s fire back to back: WARNING: kernel/sched/ext/ext.c:7522 at scx_root_enable_workfn+0xeec/0x1be0, CPU#3: scx_enable_help/276 WARNING: kernel/sched/ext/ext.c:6398 at scx_root_disable+0xb50/0xdb8, CPU#0: sched_ext_helpe/664 scx_root_enable_workfn() switches to SCX_ENABLING before the scheduler allocation, so ops->priv is never visible while SCX_DISABLED. The allocation failure path restores SCX_DISABLED.
CVE-2026-98218 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: i2c: atr: fix dangling adapter pointer on add failure i2c_atr_add_adapter() stores atr->adapter[chan_id] before i2c_add_adapter() so that the I2C bus notifier can match child clients during registration. On failure the channel is freed but the slot was left pointing at freed memory, which can lead to use-after-free in i2c_atr_del_adapter() / cleanup and also block reuse with -EEXIST. Clear the slot on the i2c_add_adapter() error path before freeing chan.
CVE-2026-98216 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: IB/hfi1: Fix the PIO_CRED credit-return mmap hfi1_file_mmap()'s PIO_CRED case must hand user space the single credit-return page that holds this context's entry. That page is the second or third page of the per-node credit-return allocation once the hardware send context index reaches 64 or 128, so the failure below is intermittent: when the entry lands on the first page the offset is zero and everything works. Two things are wrong. First, cr_page_offset is a byte offset but .va is a struct credit_return *, so adding it is pointer arithmetic and scales the offset by sizeof(struct credit_return) == 64. memvirt then lands 256 KiB or 512 KiB past a 10240-byte allocation. With an IOMMU translating, that address is inside the vmalloc range but in no vm_area, so dma_mmap_coherent() -> iommu_dma_mmap() finds no pages, vmalloc_to_pfn() returns page_to_pfn(NULL), and remap_pfn_range() installs a frame above MAXPHYADDR. The first user read then takes: psm2_ep_open_pr: Corrupted page table at address 7a14d007e000 PGD 800000013886a067 P4D 800000013886a067 PUD 13886b067 PMD 13886c067 PTE 800049168e911235 Oops: Bad pagetable: 000d [#1] SMP PTI Second, and still wrong once the arithmetic is corrected, dma_mmap_coherent() describes a whole coherent buffer and selects the page within it with vma->vm_pgoff. Offsetting cpu_addr has no effect: for a vmap'd allocation iommu_dma_mmap() uses cpu_addr only to locate the vm_area and then maps pages[vm_pgoff], which hfi1_file_mmap() has just set to 0. User space therefore always receives the first credit-return page, every credit read is for the wrong context, and send PIO stalls forever. Use the DMA API as intended: pass the base of the allocation with its full length and select the page with vm_pgoff. A separate length is needed because memlen must keep describing the VMA for the existing size check. The dma-direct path stays correct as well, since dma_direct_mmap() adds the same vm_pgoff to the base pfn. Tested on a Dell T7610 (Xeon E5-2650 v2, Intel IOMMU in DMA-FQ mode) against a Threadripper PRO 3995WX peer, both Omni-Path 100. Before this change psm2_ep_open() Oopses the kernel; with only the arithmetic corrected psm2_ep_open() succeeds but any transfer that uses send PIO hangs, PSM2_SDMA=2 (send PIO disabled) completing normally while PSM2_SDMA=0 (send PIO only) hangs every time. With this change send PIO, send DMA and the default mixed mode all work.
CVE-2026-98215 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: selinux: preserve user SID across nested backing files SELinux saves the user file SID in a backing-file security blob so it remains available after mmap() replaces vma->vm_file with a backing file. For nested backing files (overlayfs over overlayfs, or FUSE passthrough backed by overlayfs), user_file may itself be a backing file. Its fsec->sid is the SID of the mounter that opened it, rather than the user that opened the top-level file. mprotect() then checks fd { use } against the mounter SID. This can incorrectly deny access without a domain transition, or check the wrong target SID after one. Copy the saved user SID when user_file is a backing file. Keep using the regular file SID for the first backing layer. With two nested overlayfs mounts and SELinux enforcing, mprotect(PROT_READ) returns EACCES with an fd { use } denial against the mounter SID. With this change, mprotect() succeeds. Tested on arm64 QEMU with a small BusyBox initramfs and a purpose-built SELinux policy. The original test was also repeated with Fedora Cloud Base 44 userspace and gave the same result.
CVE-2026-98214 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-06 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: selinux: recheck intermediate backing files on mprotect() mprotect() can be used to bypass the SELinux checks that mmap() performs against the intermediate layers of a stacked filesystem. mmap() checks every backing layer as the request descends through the stack. mprotect() only has the lowest backing file in vma->vm_file, so it rechecks the top-level user and the lowest mounter, but skips the mounters of every layer in between. With two nested overlayfs mounts and a policy denying mounter_t -> middle_file_t:file { execute }, a direct mmap(PROT_EXEC) is denied: avc: denied { execute } for pid=71 comm="nested_exec" path="/payload" dev="overlay" ino=9 scontext=user_u:base_r:mounter_t tcontext=user_u:object_r:middle_file_t tclass=file permissive=0 while mmap(PROT_NONE) followed by mprotect(PROT_EXEC) succeeds. Preserve each intermediate path, mounter SID and file-description SID in the backing-file security blob, copying the saved entries when another backing layer is opened. Allocate the array only for nested backing files, and release it and the path references in the backing_file_free hook. During mprotect(), recheck fd { use } and the requested inode permissions for every saved mounter, and include the intermediate layers in the execmod checks. Policy for nested stacking may then need to grant intermediate mounters what a direct mmap() already requires, and execmod on intermediate labels for binaries using text relocations. Tested on arm64 QEMU with a small BusyBox initramfs and a purpose-built SELinux policy, on a mainline tree containing commit f2381b546e7e ("fs: fix user path of nested backing files"). [PM: subject tweak]