{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2023-54404", "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck", "dateReserved": "2026-10-01T17:10:41.641Z", "datePublished": "2026-10-01T17:11:13.762Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T21:44:56.091Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10", "shortName": "VulnCheck", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T21:44:56.091Z"}, "title": "Zod 4.6.5 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption via Array Validation", "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5 contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions."}], "tags": ["x_open-source"], "datePublic": "2023-01-12T00:00:00.000Z", "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "cweId": "CWE-770", "description": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling", "type": "CWE"}]}], "affected": [{"defaultStatus": "unknown", "vendor": "colinhacks", "product": "zod", "packageURL": "pkg:github/colinhacks/zod", "repo": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "4.6.5"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:zod:zod:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndIncluding": "4.6.5"}]}]}], "metrics": [{"format": "CVSS", "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "GENERAL"}], "cvssV4_0": {"attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "PRESENT", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "version": "4.0", "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.2, "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"}}, {"format": "CVSS", "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "GENERAL"}], "cvssV3_1": {"attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "version": "3.1", "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}}], "references": [{"url": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/issues/1872", "name": "Researcher Disclosure", "tags": ["technical-description"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/pull/6475", "name": "Closed Pull Request", "tags": ["issue-tracking"]}, {"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zod-uncontrolled-resource-consumption-via-array-validation", "tags": ["third-party-advisory"]}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Axel Habermaier (axel-habermaier)", "type": "finder"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "Alessio Della Libera", "type": "finder"}], "source": {"discovery": "UNKNOWN"}, "x_generator": {"engine": "vulncheck"}}}}

{}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unknown", "packageURL": "pkg:github/colinhacks/zod", "product": "zod", "repo": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod", "vendor": "colinhacks", "versions": [{"lessThanOrEqual": "4.6.5", "status": "affected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}]}], "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5 contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions."}], "id": "CVE-2023-54404", "lastModified": "2026-10-01T18:17:11.040", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com", "type": "Primary"}], "cvssMetricV40": [{"cvssData": {"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "PRESENT", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "baseScore": 8.2, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED", "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X", "version": "4.0", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"}, "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2026-10-01T18:17:11.040", "references": [{"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com", "url": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/issues/1872"}, {"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com", "url": "https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/pull/6475"}, {"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com", "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zod-uncontrolled-resource-consumption-via-array-validation"}], "sourceIdentifier": "disclosure@vulncheck.com", "vulnStatus": "Received", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-770"}], "source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "zod: zod: Denial of service via unbounded array validation", "id": "2544881", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2544881"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-770", "details": ["A flaw was found in zod. A remote attacker can trigger a denial of service (DoS) by submitting an excessively large array of invalid items to an application that validates input schemas without length constraints. Because the validation process accumulates error records for each failing element without a cap or early exit, the application consumes excessive memory and crashes due to an out-of-memory condition."], "name": "CVE-2023-54404", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_orchestrator:2026.8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "ansible-automation-platform/automation-orchestrator-ui-rhel9", "product_name": "Ansible Automation Orchestrator 2026"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:cost_management_on_premise:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "costmanagement/costmanagement-ui-rhel10", "product_name": "Cost Management On Premise"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_applications:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "mta/mta-solution-server-rhel9", "product_name": "Migration Toolkit for Applications 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "ansible-automation-platform-27/mcp-server-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "ansible-automation-platform-tech-preview/mcp-server-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "keycloak-operator.redhat-00001.zip", "product_name": "Red Hat Build of Keycloak"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "keycloak-operator.redhat-00003.zip", "product_name": "Red Hat Build of Keycloak"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhbk-quarkus-dist.zip", "product_name": "Red Hat Build of Keycloak"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:podman_desktop:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rh-podman-desktop", "product_name": "Red Hat Build of Podman Desktop"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "redhat-datagrid-maven-repository.zip", "product_name": "Red Hat Data Grid 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhdh/red-hat-developer-hub-backstage-plugin-lightspeed", "product_name": "Red Hat Developer Hub"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhdh/red-hat-developer-hub-backstage-plugin-lightspeed-backend", "product_name": "Red Hat Developer Hub"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhdh/red-hat-developer-hub-backstage-plugin-orchestrator", "product_name": "Red Hat Developer Hub"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhdh/red-hat-developer-hub-backstage-plugin-orchestrator-backend", "product_name": "Red Hat Developer Hub"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhdh/red-hat-developer-hub-backstage-plugin-orchestrator-backend-module-loki", "product_name": "Red Hat Developer Hub"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhdh/red-hat-developer-hub-backstage-plugin-orchestrator-form-widgets", "product_name": "Red Hat Developer Hub"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhdh/red-hat-developer-hub-backstage-plugin-scaffolder-backend-module-orchestrator", "product_name": "Red Hat Developer Hub"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat Developer Hub"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "cockpit-image-builder", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "grafana", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "grafana-pcp", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rust", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rust-toolset:rhel8/rust", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "grafana", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rust", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhelai3/bootc-cuda-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhelai3/bootc-gaudi-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhelai3/bootc-rocm-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhelai3/disk-image-cuda-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rust", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "dotnet8.0", "product_name": "Red Hat Hardened Images"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "grafana12.4", "product_name": "Red Hat Hardened Images"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "grafana13.1", "product_name": "Red Hat Hardened Images"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "grafana13.2", "product_name": "Red Hat Hardened Images"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "jaeger", "product_name": "Red Hat Hardened Images"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "rust", "product_name": "Red Hat Hardened Images"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "jboss-eap.1-runtime-maven-repository.zip", "product_name": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "jboss-eap-runtime-maven-repository.zip", "product_name": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "jboss-eap.1-runtime-maven-repository.zip", "product_name": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "jboss-eap-runtime-maven-repository.zip", "product_name": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhoai/odh-core-bff-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhoai/odh-dashboard-operator-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhoai/odh-dashboard-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhoai/odh-feature-server-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhoai/odh-mlflow-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhoai/odh-mod-arch-agent-ops-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhoai/odh-mod-arch-automl-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhoai/odh-mod-arch-autorag-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhoai/odh-mod-arch-eval-hub-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhoai/odh-mod-arch-gen-ai-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhoai/odh-mod-arch-maas-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhoai/odh-mod-arch-mlflow-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhoai/odh-mod-arch-model-registry-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhoai/odh-workbench-codeserver-datascience-cpu-py312-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "openshift4/ose-monitoring-plugin-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "devspaces/code-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_gitops:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "microshift-gitops", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift GitOps"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_gitops:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "openshift-gitops-argocd-cli", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift GitOps"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:trusted_artifact_signer:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhtas/rekor-search-ui-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:secrets_management_console:0", "fix_state": "Will not fix", "package_name": "external-secrets-management/console-plugin-rhel9", "product_name": "Secrets Management Console for Red Hat OpenShift"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_portal:2", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "ansible-automation-platform/automation-portal", "product_name": "Self-service automation portal 2"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_portal:2", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "ansible-automation-platform/bootc-automation-portal-rhel9", "product_name": "Self-service automation portal 2"}], "public_date": "2026-10-01T17:11:13Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-54404\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-54404\nhttps://github.com/colinhacks/zod/issues/1872\nhttps://github.com/colinhacks/zod/pull/6475\nhttps://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zod-uncontrolled-resource-consumption-via-array-validation"], "threat_severity": "Important"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0,4.6.5]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 100.0, "confidence_source": "cna", "scores": [{"score": 100.0, "source": "cna"}]}, "original": {"product": "zod", "source": "cna", "vendor": "colinhacks"}, "product": "zod", "vendor": "colinhacks"}], "created": "2026-10-01T19:00:16.376026+00:00", "updated": "2026-10-01T19:33:27.577184+00:00", "vendors": ["colinhacks", "colinhacks$PRODUCT$zod"]}